TS有多个含义，ts在明星行业指泰勒·斯威夫特、在电信领域指时隙、在医疗行业指变性人。
1、TS是Taylor Swift（泰勒·斯威夫特）的缩写，泰勒·斯威夫特1989年12月13日出生于美国宾夕法尼亚州，是美国女歌手、词曲作者、音乐制作人、演员。
2、TS是Timeslot（时隙）的缩写，时隙专用于某一个单个通道的时隙信息的串行自复用的一个部分，通常指PCM E1和T1信号中的一个话音信道（64kbps）。是时分复用模式（TDM）中的一个时间片。
3、ts是指变性人，全称Transsexual。“变性人”指的是那些已经通过手术改变了自己原本生理性别的人。而在医学上，无论变性与否，想改变自己生理性别的人，都称之为易性者。
TS的行为表现
典型的Transsexual，3-4岁萌发想法，4-5岁对性别产生蒙蒙意识，青春期剧变，认定自己是异性，并且病情逐渐加重，确认自己生错性别；衣着、举止、爱好、志向都出现了异性化，回避人群。但由于其心理和行为能受自己所控制，故不易被他人察觉，也没有危害社会的行为。
Transsexual往往存在倾慕的同性对象，也相信和向往纯美的爱情。有些人认为结婚可以缓解症状而结婚，性生活说不上满意，仅是为情爱所激发。这些易性症者对改变性别是刻骨铭心的追求、无法克制的欲望、难与人言的“嗜痂之癖”。
以上内容参考百度百科-变性人
I have never seen such an amazing film since I saw The Shawshank Redemption. Shawshank encompasses friendships, hardships, hopes, and dreams. And what is so great about the movie is that it moves you, it gives you hope. Even though the circumstances between the characters and the viewers are quite different, you don’t feel that far removed from what the characters are going through. It is a simple film, yet it has an everlasting message. Frank Darabont didn’t need to put any kind of outlandish special effects to get us to love this film, the narration and the acting does that for him. Why this movie didn’t win all seven Oscars is beyond me, but don’t let that sway you to not see this film, let its ranking on the IMDb’s top 250 list sway you, let your friends recommendation about the movie sway you. Set aside a little over two hours tonight and rent this movie. You will finally understand what everyone is talking about and you will understand why this is my all time favorite movie. 二、《肖申克的救赎》的影评 The story may sound simple, but the truth behind the words is remarkable. When I heard the name of the film first time, I considered the Shawshank to be a man’ name, but in face it is a jail——a hell in the world. Not only for the inhumanity of the jailors——they behaved brutally; but also for the jail gnawed at people’ heart by keeping them waiting and waiting as life passed. It seemed that only those utterly worthless people who gave up everything could survive. That’s where the story happened. The part impressed me most is when Andy got out of the jai. He extended his arms in front of him in the heavy rain as if he were welcoming the fresh air and the freedom. At that moment, I saw the faith win the darkness, discharging light dazzling the eyes in the dark blue sky. Under the light, I could feel my recreant innermost being shivering as his voice said: “Remember, Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things and no good thing ever dies!” That’s why I like this film: it encourages people to fight to preserve the dignity of human beings, to appreciate the beauty of life, and the most important is to keep hope forever. He once that is born, that is die. Everyone is the same. The only difference is whether busy living or busy dying. The film tells me even a man can live once, but if he keeps faith, keeps hope and works his life right, then once is enough. The faith is the bird that feels the light when the dawn is still dark, the hope is the chief happiness that this world affords, and the life should be full of the singing of the bird and the happiness hope brings. “ What’s that do you think? It’s the trembling of the heart, the singing of the mind, the flying of the soul and the hope to be free.” 这个故事也许看似简单，其中的道理却是发人深思的。我第一次听到这电影的名字时，曾以为“肖申克”是个人名，但事实上它是一所监狱的名字--鲨堡。说它是人间地狱，不仅那里狱卒残暴，狱霸横行，而且它还侵蚀着人的心灵。生命在漫漫无期的等待中消逝，似乎只有那些行尸走肉般放弃了所有的人才能够活下去。 这就是故事的开始。最让我感动的是安迪逃出牢狱时候的情景。大雨滂沱之中他伸出手臂似乎在迎接新鲜空气和自由。此刻，我看见自信战胜了黑暗，其光芒照亮了深蓝天空中的眼睛。在此光辉下，我可以感觉到自己那颗怯懦的心在颤抖，似乎在说记住，希望是好东西，也许是人间至善，而美好的东西永远不会消逝。 它激励人们为人类的尊严而斗争，为生命的美丽而感恩，最重要的是它让我们永怀希望。这就是我喜欢这部电影的原因。 有出生，就会有死亡，人人均是如此。唯一不同的是--忙着活，还是劳碌死。电影告诉我们，虽然人只能活一次，如果带着信心和希望好好地活，一次也就足够了。信心就像在黎明前看到曙光的鸟，而希望则是这个世界给我们的最重要的礼物，生命应该充满鸟儿的歌声和希望带来的快乐。 你认为如何你呢？我想这是心房的跳舞，思想的歌唱，灵魂的翱翔，以及对自由的渴望。 三、Have you ever known a famous experiment of the flea? In my point of view, I think it has some commons with the film Shawshank Redemption. First I’d like to introduce the experiment. It was an experiment about the flea. A zoologist put some fleas in a glass cylinder,then used a piece of glass to cover it. At first every flea did all it can in jumping. It must be painful.So after several times,they jumped a little lower,in case of knocking the glass.After three days,when the zoologist took off the glass,he found that no flea would jump out of the glass cylinder.Why? Because they got used to jump gently. We can find the glass is a visible prison to the fleas,but they build an invisible prison for themselves after three days. The same with the film,the characters like the fleas in a visible prison which is called Shawshank. There are three characters made a deep impression on me. They are Andy 、 Red and Brooks. Though they are the same in the visible prison,they are different .The difference between them is whether there located an invisible prison in their heart. Brooks who lives in the Shawshank for fifty years.He likes the flea in the experiment,when he gets the chance to leave Shanwshank, he chooses to threaten his mates in order to stay in Shanwshank. But he fails,his only hope is broken.During the fifty years,he builds an invisible prison for himself. I remember the first time I watched this film was in my senior high school,and I still remember that I cried hard when I saw Brooks hung himself.At that time I thought it’s the fault of the society,but now I think it’s the fault of the invisible prison.Red’s words proves my point:“Man’s been here fifty years. This place is all he knows. In here, he’s an important man, an educated man. A librarian. Out there, he’s nothing but a used up old con with arthritis in both hands. Couldn’t even get a library card if he applied. You see what I’m saying?”“Believe what you want. These walls are funny. First you hate ’em, then you get used to ’em. After long enough, you get so you depend on ’em. That’s “institutionalized.“” It is the “institutionalized“ put Brooks into the invisible prison.He has no hope in the invisible prison,life becomes meaningless.He gets dying. Red,is an man who can break his invisible prison.He is another kind of flea. At first he likes Brooks,he build an invisible for himself.He told Andy that hope is a dangerous thing,hope can drive a man insane,it’s got no use the inside,you’d better get used to that idea.At that time,he has already built the invisible prison and broke his hope.He couldn’t hack it on the outside.Been in here too long, he is an institutional man now.Like old Brooks Hatlen was.In the prison he is the guy who get it for the others.Out there, he wouldn’t know where to begin. But Andy’s word influences him“get busy living,or get busy dying.“At that time,Red picks up his hope which breaks the invisible prison.When a man has the courage to break the invisible one,let alone the visible one.At the end of film,Red get out of the Shawshank and has a new life in the society with his hope! Red,may short of the word“redemption“,and he redeems himself. Andy who is the hero in this film.And he is an amazing flea! There is no prison in his mind.Shawshank is the visible prison which seems very sturdy .But he just uses a small hammer to dig a hole,then he breaks the prison.19 years is a long time! But to Andy,his hope supports him so that he can ignore the time! As the famous sentence goes hope can set you free.I think another different between Andy and the others is that he never has an invisible one in his heart.From the beginning to the end,he is free in his mind.That’s why he can do what the others cannot do! During the 19 years,he holds his hope,he still remember the hight which he can reach. The three man are three different kinds of fleas.The fleas tells us not to be prisoned in the invisible prisons and remember hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies. We should set us free with our hopes!Let’s break the invisible prison! 给你几个，你可以综合一下。
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Summary of This Term
Ⅰ Words:
⒈Nouns:
bookmark(书签) librarian(图书管理员) credit( 维生素) milligram(毫克) avocado(鳄梨，复数形式为avocadoes或avocados) oven(烤炉，烤箱) feast(筵席)
⒉Adjectives:
several(几个) so-called(所谓的) full-time(全部时间的，专任的) part-time(兼职的，部分时间的) national(国家的) recycling(可循环的) enjoyable(令人愉快的) lively(活跃的) underdressed(衣着不正式) overdressed(衣着过于正式) photographic(照相的) tiny(细小的) alike(相似的) private(私人的) undersea(海底的) greedy(贪婪的) frustrated(失败的) traditional(传统的) kind-hearted(热心的) generous(慷慨的) imaginary(想象的，假想的) scrambled(油炸的) boiled(沸腾的) poached(水煮的) artificial(人工的) moody(喜怒无常的) bad-tempered(脾气不好的) ordinary(普通的) digital(数字的，数码的) fragile(易碎的) northern(北方的) southern(南方的) western(西部的) eastern(东部的) crowded(拥挤的) secondhand(二手的) average(普通的) harmless(无害的) lonely(孤独的，寂寞的) rewarding(有益的，值得的) smelly(发臭的) painful(疼痛的) modern(现代化的) cultural(文化的) historical(历史的) gold-covered(被金覆盖住的) amazing(令人惊异的) confident(自信的) rough(粗野的) scared(害怕的) misty(薄雾笼罩的) steep(陡峭的) alive(活着的) essential(必不可少的) gentle(平缓的，指山坡不陡峭) shiny(发亮的，发光的) wild(野生的) ancient(古代的) hybrid(杂交的) tame(驯服的) fine(极好的，相当于excellent) fascinating(着迷的) learned(有学问的，学术上的) giant(巨大的) European(欧洲式的) cultural(文化的) changeable(可改变的) powerful(强大的，有力的) timid(胆小的) forbidden(禁止的) sacred(神圣的) certain(一定(量)的) roast(烤制的) subtropical(亚热带的) wroth(值得…)
⒊Adverbs:
probably(很可能，大概地) hardly(几乎不…) absolutely(绝对地) thus(这样，如此) mostly(主要地，大部分) fairly(相当地，后面加的是褒义词) rather(相当地，后面加的是贬义词) differently(不同地) recently(最近，相当于not long ago) way(远远地) someday(某一天) properly(正常地) unfortunately(不幸地)
⒋Verbs:
renew(更新，续借) encourage(鼓励，encouraged，encouraged) canoe(划独木舟，canoed，canoed) dive(跳水，dived，dived) surf(冲浪) describe(形容，described，described) free(解放，freed，freed) bury(埋葬，buried，buried) imagine(想象，imagined，imagined) harm(损害) spit(吐(痰)，spat，spat) collect(搜集) support(支持) bowl(打保龄球) book(预订) mine(开采) mount(镶嵌) tarnish(失去光泽) replace(代替) float(漂浮) attack(攻击) explore(探索) appear(出现) bark(吠叫) frighten(吓唬) graduate(毕业，完成学业) picnic(野餐，注意，picnic的现在分词是picnicking) sniff(用力吸，用力嗅) decorate(装饰) overeat(吃过量，overate，overeaten) suggest(提示，提醒) affect(影响) disappear(消失) appear(出现) explain(解释) dig(挖，dug，dug) obey(遵守) prevent(预防) launch(发射(火箭)) provide(提供，provided，provided) increase(增长，重音在crease上面，即in｀crease) decrease(减少，重音在crease上面，即de｀crease) multiply(乘以…) prefer(更愿意做某事，过去式为preferred) freeze(冷冻，froze，frozen) defrost(解冻) fillet(把(鱼、肉)切成片) worry(撕咬) lie(撒谎，lied，lied) tell(分辨) wag(摇摆，wagging，wagged，wagged) treat(治疗) heal(治愈) rock(摇动) mark(标志) shoot(射，shot，shot) kick(踢) score(得分) beat(打败，beat，beaten) expect(期望) spill(溅出，spilt，spilt) describe(形容，described, described) rob(抢劫，robbed, robbed) measure(丈量，测量，measured, measured) escape(逃跑，逃脱，escaped, escaped) trap(陷入困境，trapped, trapped) bang(猛击) ride(搭乘) curl((使)卷曲) farm(耕种，干农活) sow(播种，sowed，sown) plow(耕田) cultivate(耕种) supply(提供，supplied，supplied) reap(收割) thresh(打谷) combine(联合) breed(繁殖，bred，bred) accompany(陪伴) bend(弯曲，bent，bent) fascinate(使…着迷，fascinated，fascinated) behave(举动，举止，behaved，behaved) hibernate(冬眠，hibernated，hibernated) weep(哭泣，wept，wept) mourn(哀悼) raise(募集，raised，raised) rebuild(重建) record(重音顺序为-`-，记录) earn(赚，挣) merge(合并，merged，merged) manufacture(制造，加工) raise(＝plant，种植) mow(剪草) weed(除草) recognize(认出) save(存款) nibble(一点一点地咬) roar(吼叫) squeak(吱吱叫，形容老鼠的叫声) squeeze(挤) beg(乞求，乞讨，begged, begged) punish(惩罚) roast(烘烤) stuff(填充)
⒌Places:
Hawaii(夏威夷) Honolulu(火奴鲁鲁，夏威夷州首府) Waikiki(怀基基海滩) Bondi Beach(邦戴海滩) Newquay Cape Town the Capitol Building(国会大厦) the House of Representatives(下议院) the Supreme Court(最高法院) the White House(白宫) the Great Hall of the People(人民大会堂) Statue of Liberty(自由女神像) the Empire State Building(纽约国会大厦，Empire State是纽约州的nickname) Broadway(百老汇) the Wall Street(美国华尔街) the Gobi Desert(戈壁沙漠) Nepal(尼泊尔) (the island of) Cyprus(塞浦路斯岛) Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹，荷兰首都) Holland(荷兰) Belgium(比利时) Saudi Arabia(沙特阿拉伯) United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯联合酋长国，简称阿联酋，缩写为UAE) Nigeria(尼日利亚) Brussels(布鲁塞尔，比利时首都) Louisiana(路易斯安那州)
⒍Prepositions:
per(每一) besides(除了) against(对抗) around(＝about，大约)
⒎Conjunctions:
whether(是否) however()
Ⅱ Phrases:
on different subjects(关于不同的科目) encourage sb. to do(鼓励某人做某事) come up with(提出，想出) ride waves(在浪之间穿梭) live to(为…而生的) come across sb. / sth. (遇到某人或某事) so far(迄今为止) come true(实现，变成现实) together with(和) slow down(降低速度) the pride of(…的骄傲) speak highly of(称赞) take a tour of(做一次旅行) take … around(带领…转一圈) vote on(表决) a copy of(一份) such (a/an) + adj. +n. reach up into the sky(直插云霄) vote for(投票支持) vote against(投票反对) so many books = such a lot of books so much trouble = such a lot of trouble do well/badly in(在某方面做得好/不好) make a contribution to doing/sth.(对…有贡献) come out(照片冲洗出来) offer sth. to(提供…) an expert on(某方面的专家) an interview with sb.(对某人的一次采访) in just the right place(恰好在正确的位置上) search the Internet(在网上搜索资料) one’s stay at(某人在某处的经历) in the old days(在以前) for one thing() feed on(以…为食) come in different sizes / shapes…(不同的大小/形状) warn sb. about(警告某人) be amazed at(着迷于…) make it possible by doing(因为做了某事而使另一件事实现) draw a moral(讲出寓意) grab … away(把…抢走) turn … down / up(把…关小 / 开大) at the age of(在…岁时) be able to(能够) during one’s lifetime(在某人的一生中) get sb. to do(让某人做某事) try out(试验，尝试) have nothing to do with(和…没有关系) give sb. a new start in life(给某人生命中一个新的开始) be thankful to sb. for sth. / doing sth.(对某人很感激) think much of(重视，尊重) make it(达到目标) have confidence in(对…有信心) stop for (sth.)(为停下来吃/喝) stand out(突出，显眼) the heart of(…的中心) be trained to do(被训练做某事) sniff at(嗅，闻…) sniff out sth.(发现，寻找) get through the Costumes(通过海关) take drugs(吸毒) the arrival of = the coming of put up(挂起) decorate … with …(用…装饰…) go from (house) to (house) doing(从(一间房子)走到(另一间房子)，一边走一边做某事) be based on(以…为依据) be to do(将要做某事) go by = go past = pass(经过…旁边 ) the diet of …(…的饮食) start … with(以…开始) finish … with(以…结束) lose one’s balance(失去平衡) keep one’s balance(保持平衡) be high in …(在…中含量很高) be low in …(在…中含量很低) cut out(停止，放弃) cut down on(减少) be made of …(由…制成，一般肉眼可以直接看出) be made from …(由…制成，一般肉眼不能直接看出) tell the time(显示时间) be used as …(被当作…使用) be on display(在展览的) be covered with feathers(被羽毛覆盖) long before(很早以前) so that(为的是) a notice to …(给…的告示) more or less(或多或少) prevent … from(预防) because of = thanks to(因为，后面加名词或短语) put … together(装配) have a good knowledge of …(在…方面有很多知识) set one’s mind to do(下决心做某事) prefer to do … rather than do …(宁愿…，也不愿…) be worth …(价值…) far away from …(离…很远) a flock of sheep(一群羊，注意，量词用的是flock) come (running) to do sth.((跑步)过来做某事) cry wolf(谎报军情) tell lies(撒谎) be excited about(为…而激动) be worn out(穿旧了) have to = have got to(不得不) buy sth. online(在线购买某物) live out in the country(住在乡村) an ad for …(一则…的广告) make a decision(做一个决定) have sth. done = ask sb. else to do sth. for you regard … as …(把…看作…) keep a pet(饲养宠物) be grateful to sb. for doing sth.(对某人做的某事而感激) make up one’s mind to do(下决心做某事) have some experience in doing sth.(在做某事上有经验) before long = soon after get an injection(打针) give sb. an injection(给某人打针) as if(好像) be busy with(忙于…) be just in time to do(恰好及时做了某事) belong to(属于) at the time of(在…时候) be home to(成为…的家) the battle of(…战役) the very best of(最好的…) be pleased with(对…感到高兴) carry on doing sth.(持续做某事) kick a goal(射门并进球) make a successful shot(进球) A beat B = B lose to A from start to finish(从开始到结束) make the score 1-0(把比分改写成1-0) expect (sb.) to do sth.(希望(某人)做某事) spill … over / on(…溅到…) from now on(从现在起) match one’s description(与某人的形容地一样) run away with(带着…逃跑) break into(破门而入) the victim of(…的受害者) steal sth. from sb.(从某人处偷得某物) one’s excuse for (not) doing(借口(不)干某事) a witness to(…的目击证人) give a description(描述，形容) be known to sb.(被某人知道) keep sb. alive(使某人存活下来) go after(追逐) meet sb. halfway(在半路上遇见某人) fall short of(不足，缺乏) be in charge of(负责…) be happy in one’s career(从事某项职业很快乐) more or less = or so(大约，差不多，要加在修饰的词后面) give sb. a ride(让某人搭乘) go to sales(去买打折商品) put sb. up(借宿) be / get used to doing(习惯于做某事，后面加的是doing，不是do) make a reservation for / of sth.(预约某物) in place of = instead of(代替，in place of的用法于instead of的用法类似) suggest (to sb.宾格) sb.主格 should do sth.(建议某人做某事，注意，这里介词用的是to) give sb. a helping hand with sth. / in doing(帮助某人) hear of(听到…消息) B.C. = before Christ(公元前) supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth.(给某人提供某物) cross … with …(把…与…杂交) across between … with …(…与…的杂交品种) be known for(因为…而被知道) take a trip to(做一次旅行) back and forth(来回地) find sb./sth. + adj.(发现…很…，如find her fascinating) keep … away(防范…) live off(靠…生活) stand on(靠…站立) a second/third/fourth … leg = another leg(另一条腿) hold on to(紧抓住) hang (from …) by …(靠…挂(在…)) weep for(为…而流泪) mourn for sb.(哀悼某人) the loss/death of sb.(某人的死) call … for short(简称) on record(纪录上) get a loan(贷款) a producer of sth. = a sth. producer(某产品的生产商) earn money by doing = make money from sth.(靠…赚钱) make up(组成) earn one’s living (by doing)((靠…)生活) in town(在城市中) way(adv.) out of town(离城市很远) the heart of(…的中心) keep one’s (European) feeling(保持(欧洲式的)风格) stop for sth. to eat/drink(停下来吃/喝点东西) keep sth. as they were more than 100 years ago(保持它们100多年前的样子) much too + adj.(太…，一般是指不好的，如much too expensive) in some way(s)(在某些方面) nibble (on/at) sth.(在某物上一点一点地咬) beg to do sth.(乞求做某事) teach sb. a lesson(给某人一个教训) look down on(轻视，蔑视) draw a lesson (from …)((从…)得到一个教训) believe in(信仰) a sort of(一种…) catch disease() an increase(n.) in …(…方面的增长) a decrease(n.) in …(…方面的下降) have something to do with(与…有联系) have a high fat content(有很高的脂肪含量) put sth. inside a turkey(把某物放进一只火鸡里面) stuff a turkey with(用…填充火鸡) a herd of camel(一群骆驼，注意，量词是herd，而不是flock) prepare dinner = get the dinner ready(准备晚饭) prepare for dinner = get ready for dinner(准备吃晚饭，注意与前面两个词组的区别)
Ⅲ Patterns and expressions:
Ø Have you got any friends from abroad?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
(这里需注意，have got = have，助动词不一样，have got用have，have用do)
Ø Have you ever learned this pattern?
Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t.
(这是一种典型的现在完成时态)
Ø Grandma lost the book and can’t find it. What was worse, she lost more books.(what was worse放在句中，起到承上启下的作用，表示一种更坏的情况)
Ø Once you start, it’s hard to stop.(once的意思为“一旦”)
Ø Hawaii is famous for the beach for water sports, especially surfing, it attracts lots of people to the island.(… be famous for…, especially…, … attract to…是一个非常常用的句式)
Ø
TS是指对本身性别不满意的人。
Ts 的全写是trans sexual ，即易性者，通俗来说就是变性人的意思。这类人是指对本身性别不满意，而希望通过手术改变自身的性别，他们大多是先天原因。她们自称为“天使”，来源于拼音ts。
ts男女都可见，以男性较多，男女比例约为31。他们从心理上否定自己的性别，认为自己的性别与外生殖器的性别相反，而要求变换生理的性别特征。
而目前在网络中，很多人把TS等同于人妖。在医学上，无论变性与否，想改变自己生理性别的人，都称之为易性者。易性指从心理上否定自己的性别，认为自己的性别与外生殖器的性别相反，而要求变换生理的性别特征。故又称变换性别癖或性别转换症，属于性别身份识别障碍。
ts特征
1、深信自己内在是异性。
2、声称自己是异性，但身躯发育并非异性。
3、要求医学改变躯体成为自己所认定的性别。
4、希望周围人按其体验的性别接受自己。
暗银河系的发现及其科学意义
In addition to conventional galaxies, the universe contains very dim galaxies that until recently went unnoticed by astronomers. Possibly as numerous as conventional galaxies, these galaxies have the same general shape and even the same approximate number of stars as a common type of conventional galaxy, the spiral, but tend to be much larger. Because these galaxies ’mass is spread out over larger areas, they have far fewer stars per unit volume than do conventional galaxies. Apparently these low-surface-brightness galaxies, as they are called, take much longer than conventional galaxies to condense their primordial gas and convert it to stars—that is, they evolve much more slowly.
These galaxies may constitute an answer to the long-standing puzzle of the missing
baryonic mass in the universe. Baryons—subatomic particles亚原子粒子 that are generally protons or neutrons—are the source of stellar, and therefore galactic, luminosity, and so their numbers can be estimated based on how luminous galaxies are. However, the amount of helium in the universe, as measured by spectroscopy光谱学, suggests that there are far more baryons in the universe than estimates based on galactic luminosity indicate. Astronomers have long speculated that the missing baryonic mass might eventually
be discovered in intergalactic space星系际的空间 or as some large population of galaxies that are difficult to detect.
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另类海豹哺乳方式与众不同
Until recently, zoologists believed that all species of phocids (true seals), a pinnipped family, use a different maternal strategy than do otariids (fur seals and
sea lions), another pinniped family. Mother otariids use a foraging strategy. They acquire moderate energy stores in the form of blubber before arriving at breeding sites and then fast for 5 to 11 days after birth. Throughout the rest of the lactation (milk production) period, which lasts from 4 months to 3 years depending on the species, mother otariids alternately forage at sea, where they replenish their fat stores, and nurse their young at breeding sites. Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocids species, by contrast,
use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy
stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period, which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on the species. However, recent studies on
harbor seals, a phocids species, found that lactating females commenced foraging
approximately 6 days after giving birth and on average made 7 foraging trips during the remainder of their 24-day lactation period.
The maternal strategy evolved by harbor seals may have to do with their small size and the large proportion of their fat stores depleted in lactation. Harbor seals are small compared with other phocids species such as grey seals, all of which are known to fast for the entire lactation period. Studies show that mother seals of these species use respectively 84 percent, 58 percent, and 33 percent of their fat stores during lactation. By comparison, harbor seals use 80 percent of their fat stores in just the first 19 days of lactation, even though they occasionally feed during this period. Since such a large proportion of their fat stores is exhausted despite feeding, mother harbor seals clearly cannot support all of lactation using only energy stored before giving birth. Though smaller
than many other phocids, harbor seals are similar in size to most otariids. In addition,
there is already some evidence suggesting that the ringed seal, a phocids species that
is similar in size to the harbor seal, may also use a maternal foraging strategy.
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pheromones是什么东东，是不是该划为odorant
There is no consensus among researchers regarding what qualifies a substance as a pheromone. While most agree on a basic definition of pheromones as chemicals released by one individual of a species which, when detected by another individual of the same species, elicit a specific behavioral or physiological response, some researchers also specify that the response to pheromones must be unconscious. In addition, the distinction
between pheromones and odorants—chemicals that are consciously detected as odors---can be blurry, and some researchers classify pheromones as atype of odorant. Evidence that pheromone responses may not involve conscious odor perception comes from the finding that in many species, pheromones are processed by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory) system, which uses a special structure in the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO),to receive chemical signals. The neural connections between the VNO and the brain are separate from those of the main olfactory system, whose processing of
odorants triggers sensations of smell. But while the VNO does process many animal
pheromone signals, not all animal pheromones work through the VNO. Conversely,
not all chemical signals transmitted via the VNO quality as pheromones. For example,
garter snakes detect a chemical signal from earthworms—one of their favorite foods—via
the VNO, and they use this signal to track their prey.
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她们两个人是非常要好的闺蜜，除此之外，陶虹也是这个公司的股东，所以来站台也是为了自己的生意。不得不说张庭从明星变成一个成功的微商，也是挺有本事的。而且我也看到了，说张庭他的公司缴税21亿。这可能是我一辈子都挣不着的钱，而人家纳税就纳了这么多，我简直就是一颗柠檬精。
01、陶虹和张庭的闺蜜情，两个人到底有多要好
之前我看到她们两个一起拍的小视频，笑容非常的甜，感觉这两个人完全不像40多岁，简直青春如20岁的少女。她们两个很早以前就认识了，之后因为脾气和秉性都比较相似，所以就成为了好朋友，这么多年友情一直没有变过，两个人都对对方特别好，而且姐妹两个都找到了属于自己的幸福。
02、有钱一起赚，合伙做生意也不是不可以
除此之外，张庭的这个微商品牌大家应该都知道吧，叫tst。然后这个公司做的其实还挺大的，算是微商里面比较有牌面的了。张庭凭借自己的名气，算是把这个品牌做得不错。然后，作为闺蜜，陶虹也为这个品牌注资了，算是这个公司的二股东。我也幻想着有一天我闺蜜暴富了，能拉我一把。
03、明星效应到底有多强，看看张婷就知道了
张庭的品牌在请人站台的时候，不仅请了陶虹，而且还有林志玲，罗志祥等等。现在追星的人比较多，虽然说他们都不算新生代偶像，也基本上有着一大批的路人粉。看到自己这么喜欢的人的产品，怎么可能不买呢？所以张庭这个微商品牌完全就是靠着明星的名气带起来的，具体产品怎么样就不好说了。毕竟之前有过烂脸传闻。
近日，陶虹和徐峥夫妻俩都因为跟张庭的公司有关联而登上微博热搜，目前得到的官方消息是，陶虹曾经在张庭旗下公司获得大量的分红，而且还有超过一半的分红是传销分红，而且陶虹是张庭公司的股东，而徐峥则是很多产品的形象大使，陶虹也曾经多次跟张庭一起出席公司的商务活动，要说陶虹跟张庭公司没有关系，恐怕没有人会相信。
，陶虹的经纪人在张庭公司被查以后回应，她表示陶虹跟张庭的公司并没有关联，也没有获得所谓的分红，官方调查的结果跟陶虹经纪人所说的完全不一样，官方调查出来的结果是，陶虹在张庭的公司获得了4.2亿元的分红，其中有2.6亿元是在张庭公司从事传销活动以后的分红，这就意味着陶虹获得的收益中有超过一般是违法所得，只是这部分收益会如何处置还要看官方的调查结果如何。
，其实看过张庭公司宣传视频的都应该知道，陶虹跟这个公司的关系绝对不简单，当初张庭多次跟陶虹一起参加活动，而且都是这家公司举办的商务活动，而陶虹也总是跟大家解释自己跟公司的关系，目前网络上流传最广泛的视频中，是陶虹亲口说了这是“我们”的公司，而陶虹口中的公司就是张庭旗下的达尔威公司，而陶虹所说的我们指的就是她与好朋友张庭。
，有消息指出陶虹是张庭的达尔威公司的股东，只是在张庭出事以后，陶虹曾经要求退股，如今徐峥也已经被牵连进来了，也就是说陶虹和徐峥夫妻俩都要为自己的行为负责了，而他们走到今天这一步也是他们自己的选择，是他们咎由自取。
与张庭有关的各位明星是小陶虹，林志玲，明道，徐峥，范冰冰等人，这些人或多或少都为TsT这个品牌站过街。
一、明星艺人站台宣传产品的责任
根据现有的法律法规，明星艺人为某个产品站台或者宣传的时候，必须亲自使用和了解过产品。也就是说为张庭和林瑞阳公司站台的明星必须亲自使用过这些产品，并且对产品质量有一定的保证。根据很多网友反馈，张庭家的产品不仅贵，而且效果并不好，很多使用者都出现了烂脸的情况，需要去医院进行治疗。
二、为张庭站台的明星们
张庭利用自己在圈中的人脉，拉了不少人为自己站台。比如小陶虹，陶虹和徐峥夫妇就曾经在社交平台上晒出照片，照片中是自己使用TSt产品进行护肤的画面。更有传闻说张庭送了一栋大楼的一层给小陶虹，价值千万，两人还一起上直播，互相夸奖和带货，陶虹还入了张庭公司的股份。与张庭一起上过节目结下深厚友谊的林志玲，也登上过张庭的晚会，来为他们宣传产品。明道也是受邀加入，参与过张庭家的活动，并且张庭还做出承诺，如果卖出的产品达到一定的数额，就可以和明道合影。其他明星还包括汪东城，范冰冰，主持人李晨等人，都在社交平台上为张庭宣传过。
三、这些明星或许面临千万罚款
目前张庭的公司以及微商的运营模式是涉及传销的，如果这一事实确定，不仅张庭林瑞阳公司的亿万资产被冻结，这些为张庭站台的明星很有会面临千万的罚款。身为张庭公司的陶虹也是逃脱不了责任，有可能面临更高的处罚，其他拿了代言费的明星或多或少会被影响到。
是啊，李胜基唱了《姐姐你是我的女人》之后就很红，被称为音乐皇帝，而且演了《传闻中的七公主》《灿烂的遗产》《我的女友是九尾狐》就戏剧发面也很厉害，之前主持《强心脏》和《两天一夜》所以也很红，属于韩国典型的全能艺人，而河智苑演技真的很好，《海云台》《黄真伊》《长腿叔叔》《秘密花园》等都很好看，是票房的保证，也得了很多最佳女演员奖，而且为人亲切不做作，绝对是韩国一线演员。你问他们俩是因为《the king 2 hearts》吗？两人演的都挺好，就是这剧情……
Animal
Animals live everywhere. They roam the land. They burrow in the ground. They swim in the sea. They fly through the air. They creep, they leap, they soar, and they dive. A very few—including corals and barnacles—stay in one place.
Animals come in all sizes. The biggest animals are whales, which can be 100 feet (30 meters) long. The smallest animals can only be seen through a microscope.
Zoologists (scientists who study animals) have found more than 2 million species (kinds) of animals. They think they have discovered only a small portion of all animals on Earth.
Several things make animals different from other living things. Unlike plants, animals cannot make their own food. Animals eat other living things—plants and other animals—to get energy. Animal bodies are made up of more than one cell, unlike bacteria and other life forms with only one cell. Cells are the building blocks of living things. Animals also have senses, such as eyes or ears, that tell them what is going on around them.
WHAT KINDS OF ANIMALS ARE THERE?
Zoologists divide animals into about 30 groups. First, they divide them by whether they have a backbone. Animals that have a backbone are called vertebrates. Animals that do not have a backbone are called invertebrates.
The biggest and best-known animals are vertebrates. Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish are vertebrates. You are a vertebrate. Your backbone is also called your spine. There are about 40,000 species of vertebrates.
There are far more species of invertebrates. Even though you can probably think of many vertebrates, the many kinds of invertebrates greatly outnumber vertebrates. Almost all invertebrates are small animals. Insects, spiders, mollusks, and worms are all invertebrates. The biggest invertebrate is the giant squid. It can be up to 60 feet (18 meters) long.
COLD-BLOODED AND WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS
Zoologists divide vertebrates into two types, cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals. The body of a cold-blooded animal is the same temperature as the air or water around it. A cold-blooded animal has to stay in the sun to get warm. It must find shade to cool off. Reptiles, amphibians, and fish are cold-blooded.
The body of a warm-blooded animal stays about the same temperature all the time. Warm-blooded animals use food energy to stay warm. Some warm-blooded animals can sweat to cool off. Birds and mammals are warm-blooded.
You are warm-blooded. The normal temperature of your body stays at about 98.6° Fahrenheit (37.0° Celsius). When it is hot outside, you feel hot. You might sweat or look for an air-conditioned place. But your body temperature does not change. When it is cold outside, you feel cold. You might put on a coat or go indoors. But your body temperature does not change much.
PLANT EATERS AND MEAT EATERS
All animals eat plants, other animals, or the remains of dead animals. Animals that only eat plants are called herbivores. They eat seeds, nuts, grasses, stems, or flowers. Some mammals, such as cows, are plant eaters. Some insects, such as termites, only eat plants. Bees, moths, and butterflies suck nectar from flowers.
Animals that only eat meat are called carnivores. The meat can be from other living animals or animals that have died. Many meat eaters hunt the animals that they eat. Sharks go after smaller fish. Lions and wolves hunt deer and other mammals. Owls swoop down on rabbits, squirrels, rats, and mice. Some frogs and lizards zap insects with their sticky tongues. Hyenas and vultures mainly eat animals that are already dead.
Animals that commonly eat both animals and plants are called omnivores. Bears and opossums are omnivores. Humans are omnivores. They eat fruit, vegetables, fish, chicken, and steak.
HOW ANIMALS BREATHE
All animals must breathe oxygen to stay alive. They must breathe out a waste gas called carbon dioxide.
Some animals breathe through lungs. Lungs take oxygen out of air. Cattle, dogs, cats, whales, people, and other mammals breathe through lungs. Birds and reptiles also breathe air through lungs.
Lungs cannot take air from water. Seals, whales, dolphins, and other mammals that live in water breathe through lungs. They can stay underwater a long time because they can hold their breath for a long time.
Sharks and other fish breathe through gills. Gills take oxygen out of water. Snails, slugs, clams, squids, octopuses, and other mollusks breathe through gills. Crabs, crayfishes, lobsters, and shrimp have gills. Gills cannot take oxygen out of air.
Some animals breathe through their skin. Insects have small holes in their bodies called spiracles. Air comes in through the holes. Oxygen from the air goes through tubes to all parts of an insect’s body.
Amphibians, animals that live on land and in water, can also breathe through their skin. Amphibians also may have lungs or gills or both.
Lion
What if you could yell to a friend who lived several miles away—and your friend could hear you? That is how loud a lion can roar! No wonder this mighty animal is called the king of beasts.
Lions are big cats. Along with tigers, lions are the world’s biggest and strongest cats. There are two kinds of lions, African and Asian lions. Lions live on grassy plains, savannas, and dry woodlands in Africa and India. They do not like to live in jungles and thick forests.
MASSIVE BODIES
Lions have huge shoulders, strong front legs, and powerful jaws. Their paws have long, sharp claws. To keep its claws sharp, a lion draws them in when not in use.
Male lions are large and powerful. They weigh from 330 to 550 pounds (150 to 250 kilograms) and stand about 4 feet (about 1.2 meters) tall at the shoulder. Female lions are smaller than males.
FUR AND MANE
The fur of grown-up lions can be light tan to reddish-brown. Lions have darker fur on the backs of their ears. Their tails have a tuft of darker fur on the end.
Male lions grow a kind of fur collar called a mane. The mane grows around their head, neck, and shoulders. The mane becomes darker and fuller as the lion gets older. It makes a lion appear larger and fiercer to opponents.
Cubs, or baby lions, have fur dotted with many spots. The spots help them hide from enemies in brush and clumps of grass. The spots fade as the cubs grow up.
WHAT IS A PRIDE?
Lions live in groups called prides. There are as many as 35 males, females, and cubs in a pride. All the females in a pride are related. The females in the pride hunt together and care for cubs together.
The males in a pride are not always related. Males join a female pride to mate and produce cubs. Males do not help care for cubs. Males patrol their territory. They try to keep rival males away from their pride.
When female cubs grow up they stay with the pride. Males must leave the pride.
HUNTING AND EATING
Female lions do most of the hunting. Lions like to hunt at night. They hunt alone or in groups. A lion alone often hunts smaller prey such as hares or warthogs. The lion slowly and silently stalks the animal. If the prey sees the lion and runs, the lion usually gives up. When the lion gets close enough, it suddenly runs for the prey. It grabs the animal with its teeth and claws, pulls it to the ground, and kills it.
Groups of lions hunt large prey, such as buffalo, zebras, and even giraffes. A group of lions may surround an animal to trap it. Some lions may drive the animal toward waiting lions. Two or more lions grab and bring down the animal. Lions also steal prey killed by other animals, such as hyenas.
The pride eats together. Males eat first. Then the females eat. Cubs eat last.
A HARD LIFE
Lions do not have an easy life in the wild. They starve when they cannot find food. They get injured or killed while hunting or fighting with each other. They suffer from diseases.
Males have bloody fights. Younger males challenge older males for leadership of a pride. Sometimes they drive the older males away.
Females fight with the new males. The new males try to kill cubs that were fathered by the other males. Females are too small to fight male lions one on one. But the pride females may join together to save their cubs.
Male lions only live about 10 years in the wild. Females live a little longer. In zoos where they are cared for and cannot fight, lions may live as long as 25 years.
THREATS TO LIONS
Lions once roamed all over Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. People have hunted and killed lions since ancient times. They have also hunted the animals lions need for food. In many places, people have destroyed the areas where lions lived by building towns, roads, and farms.
There are about 100,000 lions left in the world. Only a few hundred Asian lions live in India. Most lions live on game reserves in Africa. Thousands of lions also live in zoos and circuses around the world.
